The World s Dependence On Fossil Fuels - 1785 Words

Running head: THE WORLD’S DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS 1 The World’s Dependence On Fossil Fuels Is The Top Ecological Problem Kareem Singleton Rutgers University Running head: THE WORLD’S DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS 2 The global dependence on fossil fuels is a major ecological problem, and it has had negative impacts on the natural ecosystem of the globe. The world must change its dependence on fossil fuels and make the top energy resources green, clean, and renewable in order to reduce pollution and save the planet for future generations. The world can become a better place if it were less dependent on fossil fuels, a non-renewable resource, and focus†¦show more content†¦The dependence on fossil fuels as the major source of energy for the World has had a negative impact on our ecosystem and climate. The emissions from the combustions of fossil fuels are the top reason for pollution on this planet. Carbon dioxide emitted from fossil fuels pollutes our atmosphere, and allows greenhouse gasses to accumulate and cause damage to the Earth, â€Å"That same month, scientists reported that Arctic sea ice, one of the most visible and important indicators of global climate change, w as melting faster than most cli- mate models have predicted, raising the possibility that the summer Arctic will be nearly ice-free by as early as 2020,†(Overland and Wang, 2013). Acid rain is an ecological problem for the globe because it will pollute the planet’s water supply/cycle, land/soil, and wildlife. Oil spillages wreck havoc on the ocean’s wildlife and habitats for the fish and organisms that usually thrive underwater. Fossil fuel emissions contribute to global climate change and the toxic pollution on this planet and this problem needs to be addressed by the brightest minds accordingly, â€Å"These problems of climate change, air pollution, and energy insecurity are due primarily to the combustion of fossil fuels mainly coal, oil, and natural gas,† (Lovins, A. B,Show MoreRelatedThe World s Dependence On Fossil Fuels1706 Words   |  7 PagesThe World’s Dependence on Fossil Fuels Introduction: When you think of fossil fuels what comes to mind? Perhaps you think of the massive oil rigs set up around the world or maybe your mind wonders to how fossil fuels formed in the Earth millions of years ago. Truthfully the full extent of our usage of fossil fuels around the world is widely not realized. Around the Christmas season as you decorate your Christmas trees consider this: if your Christmas tree is artificial then it is likely manufacturedRead MoreFossil Fuels : The World s Primary Energy Source952 Words   |  4 PagesFossil fuels are currently the world s primary energy source. Fossil fuel includes coal, natural gas, and oil. In 2015, The United States consumed 97.7 billion btu of energy, 81% of that was from fossil fuels (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2016). Fossil fuel use will cause air and water pollution that will negatively affect all life on Earth. In 2012, it was estimated that air pollution caused 6.5 million deaths worldwide (WHO, 2016). These pollutant s can worsen or cause respiratory andRead MoreBio-Fuels Are Better than Fossil Fuels1336 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuel plays leading role in upsetting environmental, economical and climate protection. Our earth is at catastrophic risk by the exploitation of fossil fuels. Therefore, pressure is on to find viable alternatives for energy to bring a stable, safe and clean revolution. In that case, bio-fuels make an attractive alternative for energy than fossil fuels. Various provocative questions need discussion that what are the attractive differences between both the fuels? Why fossil fuel dependence isRead MoreSustainability And Construction Practices : Department Of Civil Engineering1256 Words   |  6 Pages The main aim of renewable energy is to regenerate the fossil fuels to save it for our future generations. It is much less expensive to save energy than to generate renewable energy. SOLAR POWER IN RENEWABLE ENERGY : The sun provides enough energy in one minute to supply the worlds energy needs for one year. Mainly solar energy used in producing electricity and hot water etc. By producing electricity from solar power we use photovoltaic s (PV) for convert solar power to electricity. PhotovoltaicRead MoreAlternative Energy And Renewable Energy1668 Words   |  7 Pagesgrown, as well as our dependence on them. Nowadays, power and electricity are in every facet of our daily lives. Due to this, we overlook several negative effects our traditional use of fossil fuels have caused. Fossil fuels are fuel deposits that were formed hundreds of millions of years ago, which is where the term fossil fuels come from. The two most common fossil fuels currently in use are coal and oil, which power the majority of our infrastructure. However, fossil fuels are known to have someRead More Solar Energy Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesSolar Energy ~Some history, types, and facts~ In this modern fast paced world that we live in, there are many issues that are looked over, energy is one of these. As a world, we are dependant on dwindling fossil fuel supplies and take for granted electricity, oil, and gas. There are four completely renewable sources of energy around us that should be used and developed, they are: wind, growing plants, flowing water, and the sun. These sources of energy are the ones we should be tappingRead MoreAmericas Dependence On Fossil Fuels1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe main social issue that we would like to address is America’s dependence on fossil fuels and the possibility of switching to environmentally friendly energy sources. Energy is the key conflict factor during our era. So new energy development is a vital project that not only can decrease the conflict that base on energy but also improve our environment, meanwhile it also can decrease the conflict that created by the environmental issues. Our audience will be mainly comprised of young adults, particularlyRead MoreMans Discovery of Fossil Fuels Could Be His Downfall. Discus1700 Words   |  7 PagesStephenson in the late 1700#8217;s was the technological breakthrough that led to the industrial revolution. For the first time in human history transportation could be provided without the use of domesticated animals. Steam engines were used in steam locomotives, steam tractors and steam ships (B.Nebel and R.Wright 1995). Stationary steam engines were rapidly established in all the major industries. The major fuel for steam engines was firewood. By the end of the 1800#8217;s, the demand for energy wasRead MoreUnited States Energy Crisis During 1970 Essay examples1271 Words   |  6 PagesThe energy crisis of the 1970’s caused authorities to search out other renewable sources of energy, which currently remain undeveloped and keep the U.S. today generally dependant on foreign fuel. According to Merriam Webster dictionary, a crisis is a â€Å" difficult or dangerous situation that needs serious attention.† The energy crisis of the 1970’s produced a backlash that affected much of the economy and spread fear and panic over the United States. Energy Crisis (1970’s) states that the crisis officiallyRead MoreCan We Americans Switch From Non Renewable Diesel Fuel1573 Words   |  7 PagesCan we Americans switch from non-renewable diesel fuel, to renewable biodiesel? I believe this switch is vital to our future. With gasoline prices volatile and the Obama administration committed to easing the United States addiction to oil, many Americans seem to be taking more interest in pursuing alternative fuels. These alternative fuels include those derived from farm crops and other renewable organic sources. Among the most widely available are biodiesel and vegetable oil, both of which can

Awa Gmat Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About

Awa Gmat Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About Paragraph 4 considers several explanations for why river clean-up plans might not be successful (the plans could be nothing more than campaign promises or funding might not be adequate). Following that, all you have to do is practice! The supporting setences aren't strong enough to support this matter. We must hear the origin of the voices and consider any ulterior motives. Command of the language isn't particularly strong. In conclusion, the statement isn't logical since there are a few errors in it. This statement is additionally an incorrect cause and result. Using Awa Gmat Essay Samples The next thing to do is to substantiate as to why it's a flaw and suggest strategies to repair it. The scenario will always be shown in the very same form. While applying, you can experience that the application procedure can be taxing. It might have numerous issues with sentence structure and grammar. Finding Awa Gmat Essay Samples Online The essay that you write has to be easy, but interesting. This essay might have some flaws. Although it appears to be carefully organized, it does not follow the directions for the assigned task. Such essays could also include things like failure essays or essays that ask you to speak about an ethical dilemma that you may have faced. The rating for your AWA essay is going to be displayed under the button. The objective there is to rate your essay and offer you a score not to enjoy what you've written. If you don't write your essay in the appropriate format for the E-rater it might result in a decrease score. This is one method to go about writing the essay. The New Angle On Awa Gmat Essay Samples Just Released If this is the case, you aren't alone. Do not present your own perspectives on the argument available. The Pain of Awa Gmat Essay Samples You want to seek advice from a psychologist to take care of depression and a doctor for fatigue related difficulties. Chronic fatigue and depression may be the signs of another diseases also. Thus, it can be said that one ought to take soy foods for all-around wellness. That way an individual can link these 2 diseases with Isoflavones. There's, clearly, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usuall y, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. So rather than attempting to concentrate on the shortcomings, utilize the output as an extra data point and keep utilizing the other GMAT AWA templates or samples which you have, to boost your AWA abilities. And as you concentrate on GMAT prep, make certain you recognize the larger picture of earth you're attempting to enter. If the two scores differ by less than 1 point, both scores will be averaged to receive your final scaled score. What to Expect From Awa Gmat Essay Samples? Intrinsically, it ought to be formulated with these aspects in mind the amount of paragraphs to be written, the key purpose and the type of information to be conveyed in each paragraph. Rather than that, you may also come up with two extremely long and in depth body paragraphs too. As a consequence, the state expects that water sports increase. The statement also assumes that in the event the state cleans up the river, using t he river for water sports will certainly increase. What Does Awa Gmat Essay Samples Mean? There is an enormous difference between 9 and 31. There's 1 point you must keep in mind. While the cat does need to get fed twice daily, it does not have to be taken for daily walks. He's choosing from a cat and a dog.

The Underlying Courage in “A Wrinkle in Time” free essay sample

In the very beginning, of the novel, Meg is the first to display courage. She does so by defending her little brother, Charles Wallace’s name, because â€Å"†¦one of the boys had said something about her â€Å"dumb baby brother† at this she’d thrown her books†¦and tackled him with every ounce of strength she had† (L’Engle 4). Even though all the characters portray some type of courage, Meg shows the most throughout the novel. Meg’s personality, in the beginning, was a little off, as she was still trying to find out who she was and how her quirks are her strengths and how it makes her who she is. Her parents, before her father left, have been trying to prepare her for the greater things she has to overcome in the future by giving her IQ tests and teaching her complicated mathematics which caused disruptive problems in her class. We will write a custom essay sample on The Underlying Courage in â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though she thought she was dumb, which is not true, and even having her classmates ridicule her, it helped her when she was on Camazotz. The journey strengthened her courage, because she was used to her classmates being rude and demeaning to her, so when she had to deal with the red eyed man she just thought of him as the same as other on Earth. Her courage is truly developed in chapter twelve after she realizes she is the only one that can save Charles Wallace from the huge exposed brain. â€Å"That is has to be me. It can’t be anyone else. I don’t understand Charles, but he understands me. I’m the one who’s closest to him,† she is the only one that can save him because her father has been away from them too long, to reach through to Charles Wallace, and Calvin O’Keefe (a classmate Meg met on the way to the Mrs. W’s house) for a short amount of time (195). All things considered, â€Å"A Wrinkle in Time† has many supporting themes but the main theme is courage. Courage from the characters shows up in almost every chapter. Peculiarly through Meg and Charles Wallace Murry. The courage shown in the two characters can relate to Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s journey and the Christianity framework. Courage shines through the whole novel and it is not hard to miss; it is what kept the children stick together and to complete their journey. Works Cited LEngle, Madeleine. A Wrinkle in Time. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1962. Print.

Isp Summary Essay Example

Isp Summary Essay ISP Summary We chose to do our integrated study plan project on nature as the season change. We felt this topic was appropriate because the children seemed really interested in the outdoors at the beginning of the semester. We split our main topic into three parts- animals, trees, and weather. I was in charge of the trees and implemented six different activities about trees throughout the semester. My outcomes for each activity were met. For my Literacy activity I read the book Tree Is Nice by Janice May Udry , after reading the book the children were able to learn why is the tree is important in our life. For the Math lesson plan the children were able to match trees with some shapes. For the Science lesson the children learn about animals live inside the tree. For the Social Studies lesson plan the children learn about how the looks like in different seasons, and they were able to match the right tree with the right season. For the Art lesson plan children were able to identify the changing color of the leaves during the seasons, and they paint their own leaves. And for the physical lesson plan the children pretend to be trees and move like when the wind hit the tree, freeze when the snow is falling, and fall down like the leaves fall from the tree in the fall. The best part was that the children were engaged in the activities and they had fun. And because this is my first time working with children, I sometimes feel nervous, but I got over it when time was past. We will write a custom essay sample on Isp Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Isp Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Isp Summary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For the next semester I need to improve my lesson plans and do it better than I did. About the children I was surprised that they treat each other by respect, and taking care of each other, and they have a good relationship with us. Dani and Mary had a great part in my 100 hour student teaching, and they helped and watched us very carefully during their teaching, and their feedback was really helpful. I will advise the next student teacher to be so nervous just take it easy the children will love you because children are angels. And enjoy your time with the children.

Free Essays on Synopsis Of Mythos Of Spring

Northrop Frye’s Formula for Comedy In his essay, "The Mythos of Spring: Comedy," Northrop Frye describes his formula for constructing a comedy. He says that most plot structures in comedies are based on the same specific formula. The storyline usually revolves around a boy-wants-girl scenario where there is some sort of blocking character, like a father or superior figure, that stands in their way. In the end, however, the guy always gets the girl. In the beginning of a comedy the blocking characters have power and are in charge of society. At the end of a comedy, the events that bring the boy and girl together form a new society. In keeping with this formula, many comedies involve a party or wedding. Pairing off of other characters happens as well. A modern example of this occurs at the end of the movie Clueless, when the pairing of Cher and Josh, and Ty and Travis coincides with the marriage of the two teachers. Resolutions at the end of a comedy come from the audience, from their understanding and involvement in finding a happy ending. As the hero overcomes the various obstacles with which he is presented, the audience begins to anticipate a resolution that will fulfill its idea of how things ought to be. A resolution of conflict is symbolized by a coming together at the end. The obstacles the boy overcomes throughout the play form the plot, and his successes bring about comic resolution. You know the ending of a comedy before it starts, but the events are what make it interesting. The blocking characters in the play contribute to the excitement and humor of the plays. Usually parental figures, these blocking characters cause disharmony which arises from the differences of intent between father and son. Because of this, older audiences find something rebellious about comedy. This does in turn contribute to social persecution in drama. Moviemakers find it difficult to appeal to older audiences because in these... Free Essays on Synopsis Of Mythos Of Spring Free Essays on Synopsis Of Mythos Of Spring Northrop Frye’s Formula for Comedy In his essay, "The Mythos of Spring: Comedy," Northrop Frye describes his formula for constructing a comedy. He says that most plot structures in comedies are based on the same specific formula. The storyline usually revolves around a boy-wants-girl scenario where there is some sort of blocking character, like a father or superior figure, that stands in their way. In the end, however, the guy always gets the girl. In the beginning of a comedy the blocking characters have power and are in charge of society. At the end of a comedy, the events that bring the boy and girl together form a new society. In keeping with this formula, many comedies involve a party or wedding. Pairing off of other characters happens as well. A modern example of this occurs at the end of the movie Clueless, when the pairing of Cher and Josh, and Ty and Travis coincides with the marriage of the two teachers. Resolutions at the end of a comedy come from the audience, from their understanding and involvement in finding a happy ending. As the hero overcomes the various obstacles with which he is presented, the audience begins to anticipate a resolution that will fulfill its idea of how things ought to be. A resolution of conflict is symbolized by a coming together at the end. The obstacles the boy overcomes throughout the play form the plot, and his successes bring about comic resolution. You know the ending of a comedy before it starts, but the events are what make it interesting. The blocking characters in the play contribute to the excitement and humor of the plays. Usually parental figures, these blocking characters cause disharmony which arises from the differences of intent between father and son. Because of this, older audiences find something rebellious about comedy. This does in turn contribute to social persecution in drama. Moviemakers find it difficult to appeal to older audiences because in these...

How Fiber Optics Was Invented

How Fiber Optics Was Invented Fiber optics is the contained transmission of light through long fiber rods of either glass or plastics. The light travels by process of internal reflection. The core medium of the rod or cable is more reflective than the material surrounding the core. That causes the light to keep being reflected back into the core where it can continue to travel down the fiber. Fiber optic cables are used for transmitting voice, images, and other data at close to the speed of light. Who Invented Fiber Optics? Corning Glass researchers  Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz  invented fiber optic wire or Optical Waveguide Fibers (patent #3,711,262) capable of carrying 65,000 times more information than copper wire, through which information carried by a pattern of light waves could be decoded at a destination even a thousand miles away.   Fiber optic communication methods and materials invented by  them opened the door to the commercialization of fiber optics. From long-distance telephone service to the internet and medical devices such as the endoscope, fiber optics are now a major part of modern life.   Timeline 1854: John Tyndall demonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light signal could be bent.1880:  Alexander Graham Bell invented his Photophone, which transmitted a voice signal on a beam of light. Bell focused sunlight with a mirror and then talked into a mechanism that vibrated the mirror. At the receiving end, a detector picked up the vibrating beam and decoded it back into a voice the same way a phone did with electrical signals. However, many things - a cloudy day, for instance - could interfere with the Photophone, causing Bell to stop any further research with this invention.1880: William Wheeler invented a system of light pipes lined with a highly reflective coating that illuminated homes by using light from an electric arc lamp placed in the basement and directing the light around the home with the pipes.1888: The medical team of Roth and Reuss of Vienna used bent glass rods to illuminate body cavities.1 895: French engineer Henry Saint-Rene designed a system of bent glass rods for guiding light images in an attempt at early television. 1898: American David Smith applied for a patent on a bent glass rod device to be used as a surgical lamp.1920s: Englishman John Logie Baird and American Clarence W. Hansell patented the idea of using arrays of transparent rods to transmit images for television and facsimiles respectively.1930: German medical student Heinrich Lamm was the first person to assemble a bundle of optical fibers to carry an image. Lamms goal was to look inside inaccessible parts of the body. During his experiments, he reported transmitting the image of a light bulb. The image was of poor quality, however. His effort to file a patent was denied because of Hansells British patent.1954: Dutch scientist Abraham Van Heel and British scientist Harold H. Hopkins separately wrote papers on imaging bundles. Hopkins reported on imaging bundles of unclad fibers while Van Heel reported on simple bundles of clad fibers. He covered a bare fiber with a transparent cladding of a lower refractive index. This protected the f iber reflection surface from outside distortion and greatly reduced interference between fibers. At the time, the greatest obstacle to a viable use of fiber optics was in achieving the lowest signal (light) loss. 1961: Elias Snitzer of American Optical published a theoretical description of single-mode fibers, a fiber with a core so small it could carry light with only one waveguide mode. Snitzers idea was okay for a medical instrument looking inside the human, but the fiber had a light loss of one decibel per meter. Communications devices needed to operate over much longer distances and required a light loss of no more than ten or 20 decibels (a measurement of light) per kilometer.1964: A critical (and theoretical) specification was identified by Dr. C.K. Kao for long-range communication devices. The specification was ten or 20 decibels of light loss per kilometer, which established the standard. Kao also illustrated the need for a purer form of glass to help reduce light loss.1970: One team of researchers began experimenting with fused silica, a material capable of extreme purity with a high melting point and a low refractive index. Corning Glass researchers Robert Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented fiber optic wire or Optical Waveguide Fibers (patent #3,711,262) capable of carrying 65,000 times more information than copper wire. This wire allowed for information carried by a pattern of light waves to be decoded at a destination even a thousand miles away. The team had solved the problems presented by Dr. Kao. 1975: The United States government decided to link the computers at the NORAD headquarters at Cheyenne Mountain using fiber optics to reduce interference.1977: The first optical telephone communication system was installed about 1.5 miles under downtown Chicago.  Each optical fiber carried the equivalent of 672 voice channels.By the end of the century, more than 80 percent of the worlds long-distance traffic was carried over optical fiber cables and 25 million kilometers of the cable. Maurer, Keck, and Schultz-designed cables have been installed worldwide. U.S. Army Signal Corp The following information was submitted by Richard Sturzebecher. It was originally published in the Army Corp publication Monmouth Message. In 1958, at the U.S. Army Signal Corps Labs in Fort Monmouth New Jersey, the manager of Copper Cable and Wire hated the signal transmission problems caused by lightning and water. He encouraged Manager of Materials Research Sam DiVita to find a replacement for copper wire. Sam thought glass, fiber, and light signals might work, but the engineers who worked for Sam told him a glass fiber would break. In September 1959, Sam DiVita asked 2nd Lt. Richard Sturzebecher if he knew how to write the formula for a glass fiber capable of transmitting light signals. DiVita had learned that Sturzebecher, who was attending the Signal School, had melted three triaxial glass systems using SiO2 for his 1958 senior thesis at Alfred University. Sturzebecher knew the answer. While using a microscope to measure the index-of-refraction on SiO2 glasses, Richard developed a severe headache. The 60 percent and 70 percent SiO2 glass powders under the microscope allowed higher and higher amounts of brilliant white light to pass through the microscope slide and into his eyes. Remembering the headache and the brilliant white light from high SiO2 glass, Sturzebecher knew that the formula would be ultra pure SiO2. Sturzebecher also knew that Corning made high purity SiO2 powder by oxidizing pure SiCl4 into SiO2. He suggested that DiVita use his power to award a federal contract to Corning to develop the fiber. DiVita had already worked with Corning research people. But he had to make the idea public because all research laboratories had a right to bid on a federal contract. So in 1961 and 1962, the idea of using high purity SiO2 for a glass fiber to transmit light was made public information in a bid solicitation to all research laboratories. As expected, DiVita awarded the contract to Corning Glass Works in Corning, New York in 1962. Federal funding for glass fiber optics at Corning was about $1,000,000 between 1963 and 1970. Signal Corps Federal funding of many research programs on fiber optics continued until 1985, thereby seeding this industry and making todays multibillion-dollar industry that eliminates copper wire in communications a reality. DiVita continued to come to work daily at the U.S. Army Signal Corps in his late 80s and volunteered as a consultant on nanoscience until his death at age 97 in 2010.

Human resource management practice A substitute for trade unions Dissertation

Human resource management practice A substitute for trade unions - Dissertation Example Introduction Human resource management is a complete philosophy suggesting management of all personnel related issues in the light of vision of the organization and integrated with the organization’s strategy and policy (Pieper 1990). Traditionally, staff management is mainly targeted on tasks such as staffing, work design and rewarding however now the concept has been broadened to include in it personnel development and strategy specific actions. With this broad change where we talk about realizing the real potential of people and managing them in a way that they produce efficient results (Venter & Van der Waldt 2007) is it suitable to say that modern human resource management practice has substituted trade unions which were common a few years back to make the voice of laborers heard and acted. This research study, therefore, seeks to explore if human resource management practice has substituted trade unions or not. 1.1 Project Aims and Objectives As mentioned above research question guiding this research study asks has contemporary human resource management practice substituted trade unions. Having developed this research question, this research study seeks to attain following aims and objectives. To explore the role of modern human resource management in personnel management and development. To critically evaluate the role of trade unions in modern human resource management practice. To identify factors contributing to decline in trade unions if it is not modern HRM practices. 1.2 Project Approach This research study is primarily focused on secondary data and hence is categorized as desk research; Armstrong (2006, p. 53) defined desk research as â€Å"the assembly, collation and analysis of marketing information which is...Truss et al (1997) explained that hard HRM focuses attention on theory X whereas soft HRM focuses on theory Y. Truss et al (1997) examined that due to wide differences in these two approaches is it possible for an organization to u se both these models in integration; from their research they found that no organizations clearly follows any one of these models and though organizations focuses on commitment and conceptually targets to treat employees as humans (soft HRM concept) in reality where policies and strategic control is in action it is practically hard to stick to soft HRM and hence hard RM elements also come into action (Truss et al 1997). This study also looks into soft and hard HRM concepts and tries to relate it to the need of trade unions and which of the HRM versions may result in increase or decline in the number of trade unions. 2.4 Trade Unions and their Purpose Deb (2009) defined trade union as a representative body where employees are at the receiving end. Shmoop (2010, p. 1) defined labor union as â€Å"an organization established by and for workers to pursue collective workplace goals, benefits, work rules and power†.

Leaders As Architects Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaders As Architects - Assignment Example The frames thus need designing. They need to be designed with a leadership eye toward preferred ends, the nature of organizational culture, the talents of the available workforce, and the available resources within the leader’s reach. The leaders then using appropriate management skills provide a durable sense of direction or purpose, rooted deeply in organizational values and the human spirit that builds the culture. Wright created an architectural framework that stood the test of time through clear planning. This is more similar to the works of modern day leaders who are charged with architecturally crafting their organizations (Bennis, 2003). Just like Wright leaders should ensure that by effective planning. Leaders direct their organizations into making sustainable culture that stand the test of time. These cultures should last to provide for profitable glory years after they have gone. Wright also believed in designing structures through the philosophy of organic architecture. These were structures that were in harmony with humanity and even environment. In contemporary world organizations, they exist because efficient leaders build them. They are needs to conduct this role through thorough involvement of all stakeholders in planning strategies. Furthermore, leadership development today includes a useful metacurriculum on framing and cognitive elasticity as Wright believed in his work (McCar ter, 2006). Top leaders thus charged with modeling multi-frame organizational strategizing and the benefits of cross-frame cultural discourse. As a result, organizations enhance their capacities in totality for multi-framed analysis or action while building new levels of organizational learning and awareness. Walden University mission is the provision of a diverse community of career professionals. These individuals are empowered with transformative minds to effect positive social change. On the other, the missions echoing the learning community where

Crime control vs. Due Process Essay Example for Free

Crime control vs. Due Process Essay The criminal justice system in the United States has over time and in recent times been developed in two model systems. The crime control model and due process model. The two systems have been adopted over time to deal with the spiraling rate of crime. On the one hand conflict and crime control model which other commentators have referred as social reality crime tend to associate the crime on how it is affected by the dynamics that mould the society’s social, economic and political structure. The crime control model works on the assumption that the criminal law as enacted by parliament and enforced by the police and prosecutors can control crime. This model looks to the legislature as opposed to the courts as its validating authority and accepts extensive reliance that legislatures place on the criminal sanction. (The new law victim’s rights, Kent Roach). The crime control policy otherwise termed by Malcolm M Feeley and Jonathan Simon as a new concept in their article ‘The new penology’ is neither about punishing nor about rehabilitating individuals. The system is about identifying and managing unruly groups. On the other hand consensus and due process model describes the values that courts have embraced in many of their decisions. The model’s main purpose is protection of rights of citizens. Due process is like an obstacle course, you have to keep going through the legal obstacle to ensure in the end you convict the right person. In crime control model the law enforcement possesses the investigative powers to arrest people for questioning, and this is often the fastest way by which to establish the suspect is factually guilty. This model performs the role of getting the criminal off the street and protects the innocent. The law enforcement leads in this role. In due process model, law enforcement has little role to play. The bulk is performed by the prosecution which lays the crime committed by the offender before the court. The court’s role is to find the guilt of the offender and ensuring that the offender’s rights are safeguarded. In controlling crime, the correctional facilities have an important role to play, the kind of rehabilitating an offender who is released into the society matters a lot. The correction can also play a significant role where offenders who are due to be released are not reformed enough to be sent to the unsuspecting members of the public. Malco M. Feeley Jonathan in their new penology document focuses on what role correction can perform. They dwell more on incapacitation which they say promises to reduce the efforts of crime in society not by altering either offender or social context but by rearranging the distribution of offender in the society. If the prison can nothing else, the incapacitation theory hold says that, it can detain offender for a time and thus delay their resumption of criminal activity. If such delay is sustained for enough time and enough offenders, siginificant aggregate effects in crime can take place although individual destinies are only marginally altered. The Federal application of the crime control has been traditionally directed at problems transcending state boundaries, with maintaining law and order in are subject exclusively to federal jurisdiction or national concern. The 107th congress did enhance authorities of the department of justice (DOJ) and in specific the Federal Bureau of Investigation in dealing with homeland security and anti-terrorism problems which arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks. Included are expanded federal law enforcement authority in such areas as wiretapping and related investigative tool to aid law enforcement official in the war on terrorism e. g. USA Patriot Act. (Jo Anne O Bryant Lis Segheli,congressional research Service update September 11,2002) Congress has been extending federal jurisdiction over crime to areas once considered to be within state and local jurisdiction (e. g. juvenile justice and gun control) and enlarging federal support of state and local efforts to combat crime over last two decades. In general, the federal is trying to adopt crime control by pre-emptively dealing with measures which can enable prevention of crime in a bid to control. In contrast states have areas which they dwell on and some are left to the jurisdiction of the federal government or agencies. For example terrorism laws are federal laws are congress has come up with laws dealing with terrorism laws and also ways of controlling and safeguarding the boundaries of United States. The local or state jurisdiction has crime control measures within the sphere which does not overstep the mandate of federal agencies. Matters to do with dues process are both for the state and federal. Due process has been a process of the courts and the courts always will endeavor to defend their mandate of making laws and at the same time protecting existing one. The state and the federal have no option when the courts tend to hold opinion which they legally support. The crime control policy is preemptive in nature. That is to say it seeks to have prevention done in order to check the rate of crime in society. To some extent it is a perfect system to deal with a rate of crime that never comes down. Crime control policy does not have any adverse effect in the society’s social, economic state. While on the other hand due process being a court initiated process ensures that the rights are not violated by law enforcement. Due process is offender minded whereas crime control is society minded. It is relatively easier to ascertain the performance of crime control policy in comparison with due process. The rate of crime in society may fall relatively if the emphasis is laid crime. Opinion from the law enforcement can also be sought in evaluating their performance and what they think about the two policies. The courts also may provide vital information with regard to due process because they can make the best judgment than law enforcement. Officials in correctional facilities can also provide vital information on the crime control model as they play a large part in implantation of some recommendations. 1. The new law victim’s rights, Kent Roach. 2. The new penology,Malcom M. Feeley Jonathan Simon 3. Congressional Research Service update sept. 11,2002 ,Jo Anne O Bryant Lisa Segheli

Cloning Plants :: essays research papers

Cloning is asexual reproduction. Cuttings are taken from a mother plant in vegatative growth, and rooted in hydroponic medium to be grown as a separate plant. The offspring will be plants that are identical to the parent plant. Cloning preserves the character of your favorite plant. Cloning can make an ocean of green out of a single plant, so it is a powerful tool for growing large crops, and will fill a closet quickly with your favorite genetics. When you find the plant you want to be your "buddy" for the rest of your life, you can keep that plant's genetic character alive for decades and pass it on to your children's children. Propagate and share it with others, to keep a copy, should your own line die out. A clone can be taken from a clone at least 20 times, and probably more, so don't worry about myths of reduced vigor. Many reports indicate it's not a problem. Cloning will open you to the risk of a fungus or pests wiping out the whole crop, so it's important to pick plants that exhibit great resistance to fungus and pests. Pick the plant you feel will be the most reliable to reproduce in large scale, based on health, growth rate, resistance to pests, and potency. The quality of the high, and the type of buzz you get will be a very important determining factor. Take cuttings for clones before you move plants from vegetative grow area to the flowering area. Low branches are cut to increase air circulation under the green canopy. Rooted clones are moved to the vegetative growth area, and new clones are started in the cloning area using the low branch cuttings. Each cycle of growth will take from 4-8 weeks, so you can constantly be growing in 3 stages, and harvesting every 6-8 weeks. Some types of plants are more difficult to clone than others. Big Bud is reported to not clone very well. One of my favorite plants, Mr. Kona, is the most amazing pot I ever smoked, but it is hard as hell to clone. What a challenge! I noticed other varieties that were rooting much quicker, but it was the stone I was after! Once you find the psychoactive, almost hallucinogenic properties of some Indica/Sativa hybrids, you never want to smoke a pure Indica again. Indica is however, great medicinally, so I like to grow a few pure strains too.

Hair Coloring

Hair coloring Definition of hair coloring: Hair coloring is the practice of changing the color of hair. The main reason for this practice are cosmetic, e. g. to cover gray hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, and to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching. Hair dying, which is an ancient art, involves treatment of the hair with various chemical compounds. Today, hair coloring is immensely popular, with over 75 percent of American women dyeing their hairHistoryHistory: The dyeing of hair is an ancient art. In ancient times, the dyes were obtained from plants. [ Some of the most well known are henna (Lawsonia inermis), indigo, Cassia obovata, senna, turmeric and amla. Others include katam, black walnut hulls, red ochre and leeks. [16] In the 1661 book Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art & Nature, various methods of coloring hair black, gold, green, red, yellow, and white are explained. The development of synthetic dyes for hair is traced to the 1860s discovery of the reactivity of PPD with air.Hair dyeing is now a multibillion dollar industry that involves the use of both plant-derived and synthetic dyes Types of hair coloring: Permanent hair color: A popular way to achieve permanent hair coloring is through the use of oxidation dyes. The ingredients of these products include 1,4-diaminobenzene (historically) or 2,5-diaminotoluene (currently), a coupling agent, and an oxidant. The process is typically performed under basic conditions. The mechanism of oxidation dyes involves three steps: 1) Oxidation of 1,4-diaminobenzene derivative to the quinone state. ) Reaction of this diimine with a coupler (more detail below). 3) Oxidation of the resulting compound to give the final dye Semi-permanent hair dye: Semi-permanent hair color has smaller molecules than temporary dyes. These dyes only partially penetrate the hair shaft. For this reason, the color will survive repeated washing, typically 4–5 shampoos or a few weeks. Semi-permanents contain no, or very low levels of developer, peroxide or ammonia, and are therefore safer for damaged or fragile hair.However, semi-permanents may still contain the toxic compound p-phenylenediamine or other such ingredients. The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency reported that in rats and mice chronically exposed to PPD in their diet, it simply depressed body weights, and no other clinical signs of toxicity were observed in several studies. [5] The final color of each strand of hair will depend on its original color and porosity, so there will be subtle variations in shade across the whole head. This gives a more natural result than the solid, all over color of a permanent color.However, it also means that gray or white hairs will not appear as the same shade as the rest of the hair. If there are only a few grey/white hairs, the effect will usually be enough for them to blend in, but as the gray spreads, the re will come a point where it will not be disguised as well. In this case, the move to permanent color can sometimes be delayed by using the semi-permanent as a base and adding highlights. Semi-permanent color cannot lighten the hair Demi-permanent hair color: Demi-permanent hair color is permanent hair color that contains an alkaline agent other than ammonia (e. g. ethanolamine, sodium carbonate) and, while always employed with a developer, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in that developer may be lower than used with a permanent hair color. Since the alkaline agents employed in demi-permanent colors are less effective in removing the natural pigment of hair than ammonia these products provide no lightening of hair's color during dying. As the result, they cannot color hair to a lighter shade than it was before dyeing and are less damaging to hair than their permanent counterpart. Demi-permanents are much more effective at covering gray hair than semi-permanents, but less so than permanents.Demi-permanents have several advantages as compared with permanent color. Because there is essentially no lifting (i. e. , removal) of natural hair color, the final color is less uniform/homogeneous than a permanent and therefore more natural looking; they are gentler on hair and therefore safer, especially for damaged hair; and they wash out over time (typically 20 to 28 shampoos), so root regrowth is less noticeable and if a change of color is desired, it is easier to achieve. Demi-permanent hair colors are, in essence, permanent color and the darker shades in particular may persist longer than indicated on the packetTemporary hair color: Temporary hair color is available in various forms including rinses, shampoos, gels, sprays, and foams. Temporary hair color is typically brighter and more vibrant than semi-permanent and permanent hair color. It is most often used to color hair for special occasions such as costume parties and Halloween. The pigment molecules in temporary hair color are large and cannot penetrate the cuticle layer. The color particles remain adsorbed (closely adherent) to the hair shaft and are easily removed with a single shampooing.Temporary hair color can persist on hair that is excessively dry or damaged in a way that allows for migration of the pigment to the interior of the hair shaft Alternative hair colorants: A minority of hair coloring products are designed to create hair colors not typically found in nature. The available colors are diverse, including green and fuchsia. These dyes are typically sold in punk-themed stores (such as comic book and music stores), with brand names like â€Å"Beyond The Zone†, â€Å"Splat†, ‘Fudge Paintbox' ‘Crazy Colors' â€Å"Clairol Jazzing†, â€Å"Manic Panic†, â€Å"Special Effects†, Punky Colour†, â€Å"Stargazer†, â€Å"La Riche Directions†. A permanent alternative in some colors (such as bold red and dark, inky purples and blues) are available from big haircare brands. Some alternative color shades are blacklight reactive, to show up under nightclub lighting. The chemical formula of alternative color dyes typically contain only tint and have no developer. This means that they will only create the bright color of the packet if they are applied to light blond hair. People with darker hair (medium brown to black) will need to use a bleaching kit prior to tint application.Some people with fair hair may benefit from prior bleaching as well. Gold, yellow and orange undertones in hair that has not been lightened enough can adversely affect results, especially with pinks, blues and greens. Although alternative colors are semi-permanent in the cases of some colors, such as blue and purple, it could take several months to fully wash the color from bleached or pre-lightened hair Adverse effects of hair coloring: Hair coloring involves the use of chemicals capable of removing, replacing and/or coverin g up pigments naturally found inside the hair shaft.Use of these chemicals can result in a range of adverse effects, including temporary skin irritation and allergy, hair breakage, skin discoloration and unexpected hair color results. Side effects of various products result in loss of hair and in extreme cases balding If consumed by the body by means of inhalation or digestion certain hair dye brands have shown evidence of causing constipation and other dangerous disruptions within human organs. Additionally, there is ongoing discussion regarding more serious health consequences of hair color usage, including lead poisoning.Skin irritation and allergy In certain individuals, the use of hair coloring can result in allergic reaction and/or skin irritation. Symptoms of these reactions can include redness, sores, itching, burning sensation and discomfort. [6] Symptoms will sometimes not be apparent immediately following the application and processing of the tint, but can also arise afte r hours or even a day later. To help prevent or limit allergic reactions, the majority of hair color products recommend that the client conduct a patch test before using the product.This involves mixing a small quantity of tint preparation and applying it directly to the skin for a period of 48 hours. If irritation develops, manufacturers recommend that the client not use the product. Hair breakage Hair that has been damaged by excessive exposure to chemicals is considered over-processed. This results in dry, rough and fragile hair. In extreme cases, the hair can be so damaged that it breaks off entirely. This is especially true for Afro-Caribbean hair, especially if used in combination with relaxers.Treatments are available but the only real solution is to stop the use of chemicals until new hair grows and the damaged hair is cut off. Skin discoloration Skin and fingernails are made of the same type of keratinized protein as hair. That means that drips, slips and extra hair tint ar ound the hairline can result in patches of discolored skin. This is more common with darker hair colors and persons with dry absorbent skin. This discoloration will disappear as the skin naturally renews itself and the top layer of skin is removed (typically takes a few days or at most a week).A good way to prevent dye discoloration is to put a thin layer of Vaseline or any oil-based preparation around the hairline. It is recommended that latex or nitrile gloves be worn to protect the hand Plant-based dyes Henna is an orange dye commonly used as a deposit-only hair color whose active component, lawsone, binds to keratin. It is therefore considered semi-permanent to permanent, depending on a person's hair type. Most people will achieve a permanent color from henna, especially after the second dye. With repeated use the orange color builds up into red and then auburn.While â€Å"natural† henna is generally a red color, variations exist. These variations usually contain ingredie nts from other plants and even synthetic dyes. Indigo is natural dye from a plant (Indigofera tinctoria, suffructicosa, or arrecta) that can be added to henna or layered on top of it to create brown to black colors in the hair. On the color wheel, henna is orange, and indigo is blue, so as complementaries, the two colors work together to create brown tones. Like henna, indigo may fade after one application, but it becomes permanent on the hair with repeated use.Using a plant-based color such as henna can cause problems later when trying to do a perm or permanent hair color. Pure imported body art quality henna is claimed not to cause such problems, but most store-bought henna is mixed with additives which can lead to unpredictable results if the hair is later colored. Although it may not be visible on darker hair, the staining from henna will remain for several months and this may only be realized when dyeing is attempted and an unpleasant, permanent orange color results

Historical cultural context Discussion QuestionsL

Today's society is a different culture from the original audience. The language is misinterpreted. His words are meaningful and always apply no matter the time frame. We must learn the original historical-cultural context to understand the meaning of the message. â€Å"Since we live In a deferent context, we must first recapture the meaning of the text In Its original context. Then we can apply It to our lives In ways that will be Just as relevant† (Devalue and Hays p. 1) 2. In the historical cultural of the early church, women had no legal right to own or possess NY property and were considered themselves to be the property of their husbands. The law forbid them from leaving or divorcing their husband for any reason. In HIS reference to the law, in Mathew 5:31-32, Jesus states women do have rights and are themselves protected as all are by the rights and grace of God.He goes on to explain if a woman leaves her husband for any reason other than divorce and remarries she commit s adultery. Jesus taught the only grounds for dissolving a marriage for the man or the woman is the breaking of marital vows by the act of adultery. 3. Living in n age of â€Å"instant application†, people want immediate answers. No longer do we want to have search or understand an underlying meaning.If we show people the true meaning with its historical cultural context, they will be able to open up their hearts to see the message. Yes, it is a lengthy process but in the end it is worth the time and effort. Once the meaning is grasped, it will be appreciated and truly loved fully and the time will no longer matter

102 Elevator Pitch and Peer Review Professor Ramos Blog

102 Elevator Pitch and Peer Review Quick Write Quick Write Elevator pitch. Imagine you have one minute to present yourself and your ideas to someone who can implement your solution or make a change. What would you say in that one minute elevator ride to convince this person that your ideas are worthy of attention. You have ten floors to make a compelling case. Take a few minutes to figure out how to make your proposal professional, succinct, and interesting. Then, write it down. Introductions Writing Effective Introductions Introductions are very important. The link above has some great examples and explanations for writing introductions. Much like an elevator pitch, an introduction has to make a good impression, grab your reader’s interest, and make them want to keep reading. Take the elevator pitch you just wrote and figure out how to work it into your introduction. The elevator pitch can work as the intro, or add to your intro, to make a case for reading the rest of the essay. Proposal Notes For the Proposal, make sure you: Define the problem Recognize an audience Create, explain, and justify a plan of action. Persuade readers of the problem and proposed solution. Problem Solution Example â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story† by  Chimamanda Adichie. To quote a  CNN article on the Danger of a Single Story: Nigerian author Chimamanda Adichie believes in the power of stories, and warns that hearing only one about a people or nation leads to ignorance. She says the truth is revealed by many tales. She illustrates this with a story about coming to the United States, as a middle-class daughter of a professor and an administrator, and meeting her college roommate. Adichie says that her roommate’s â€Å"default position toward me, as an African, was a kind of patronizing, well-meaning, pity. My roommate had a single story of Africa. A single story of catastrophe.† Adichie also tells how growing up in Nigeria reading only American and English children’s books made her deaf to her authentic voice. As a child, she wrote about such things as blue-eyed white children eating apples, thinking brown skin and mangos had no place in literature. That changed as she discovered African writers, particularly the Nigerian Chinua Achebe. This is a great quote that highlights some of the moves we need to do in our article. It summarizes her topic, problem she is addressing, and solution; including examples she uses. Topic:  Many people do not realize that they are getting only one story. A single story is incomplete and she says dangerous. Problem:  Having a single story about an issue or group of people leads to stereotypes and incomplete information. Solution:  To look for multiple stories of whatever issue or topic you are hearing. She recommends we get our news and stories from multiple perspectives. Reasons and evidence:  She gives examples from her personal life to highlight that she has a personal connection. Background:  She gives background information, citing quotes and examples that place her issue in a historical context. She also uses current examples to place the issue in a contemporary context. Quick Write What is your plan of action for revising your essay?

Recognizing an unhealthy work environment

Recognizing an unhealthy work environment When it comes to our professional lives, most of us have a clear hierarchy of needs, including a viable salary, acceptable benefits, and responsibilities that align well with our abilities. After all, we spend so much of our lives at work (nearly 90,000 hours over our lifetimes, according to a recent Business Insider article) that it stands to reason that our core needs and wishes should be met in order to make it all seem worthwhile. But all too often, having a healthy and productive environment doesn’t make the list of priorities when we think about what’s really important for us to be satisfied at work- and that’s a real miss when thinking about your overall career happiness. Need some convincing? Forbes recently reported that â€Å"a toxic workplace environment will overtake the culture of any organization, interfering with employee performance, destroying relationships and demotivating top performers. It is important to understand your organization’s exposure to such an environment so that strategies are implemented to either eradicate or mitigate its effects.†The question that likely remains for many of you is this: Am I stuck in an unhealthy work environment? Good question- and don’t be ashamed if you don’t have a clear answer. The truth is, it can be hard to tell what’s unhealthy and what’s normal and acceptable in a high-pressure, high demand modern workplace, in which â€Å"doing more with less† is the new normal. But don’t worry, we’re here to help you figure out what side you’re currently on. Use the following indicators to determine if you’re currently in an unhealthy workplace.Monitor the avoidance factorDo you find yourself regularly going out of your way to avoid both people and situations at work? If so, then chances are you’re working in an environment with some real unhealthy elements. These can include everything from toxic coworkers to a n unsavory and insincere corporate culture that’s misaligned with reality.The effects are similar: you dread going to work in the morning and can’t wait to leave at the end of the day. Many folks tend to take a â€Å"bare minimum† approach to their jobs when in this sort of unhealthy environment- they do just enough to squeak by and stay under the radar. The result? They often deny themselves the ability to evolve in their positions. Staying in a job like this is not a formula for career satisfaction and positive growth.Do a regular office â€Å"mood check†Most of us make it a point to check the weather each day before we head out to work, but not nearly enough of us stay on top of our â€Å"mood temperature.† An unhealthy work environment often has an unfortunate trickle-down effect on people’s moods, which makes it a great diagnostic tool for determining if your workplace has problems.Everyone from top management to their direct reports on down through the organizational chart can feel the impact of an unhealthy environment. If the overall mood of your colleagues (or a few key personnel who have a significant impact on others) is more â€Å"doom and gloom† than â€Å"happiness and sunshine,† you better believe that this has a significant impact on the company’s productivity, employee turnover, and long-term success.Beware of negative spillover into your personal lifeThe unfortunate reality is this: what happens at work doesn’t always stay at work. On top of encroaching on your personal time (if you choose to spend more hours working than you’re required to), the effects of an unhealthy workplace can spill all over the rest of your life.According to a recent Psychology Today article, â€Å"If you are so miserable at work that you find yourself miserable at home, in your relationships and with your hobbies than your toxic professional life is seeping into every other aspect of your l ife. You may find yourself constantly talking about work and complaining about your boss when you should be enjoying your time off. Eventually, your loved ones will become tired of your negative talk and complaining, and your personal life will take a major hit.†If this sounds all-too-familiar to you, then you’re likely in an unhealthy work situation and may warrant taking a closer look.If you’re curious about whether or not you’re currently in an unhealthy work environment, do a serious self-assessment using the information provided here to help diagnose your workplace. If you find more negative than positive, consider taking active steps towards either improving your satisfaction and happiness at work, or finding a new job that will meet your needs.

Homeostasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homeostasis - Essay Example The term homeostasis was first used by Walter Cannon in 1932 to illustrate the â€Å"maintenance of body’s dynamic constancy†. Homeostasis is a key concept in human physiology which represents the regulatory processes of the body for its optimum functioning mediated by several biochemical and physiological pathways. According to Gilbert, on a cellular level it is a practice through which a relatively constant electrical, chemical, osmotic and internal environment is maintained against a background of extensive range of metabolic demand, intake and loss. Maintenance of homeostasis is vital for the body as seen during exercise. The elevated cardiac and respiratory rates in response to increased CO2 and blood acidity must be readjusted later to meet the demand of lower metabolic rate. If this service is not done the body conditions lead to disease and ultimately death. Homeostasis is maintained by stimulus identification at tissue level with the help of sensors present in skin and sensory organs. These signals are then sent to peripheral sensory nerves and later to spinal cord and brain where depending on the type of stimulus a chain of physiological reaction is set off to maintain homeostasis in the body which may involve survive mechanism, stability in autonomic functions and immunological responses (Lawton, 2003). These responses are carried out by effectors such as muscles and glands. In some cases the responses to a stimulus are particularly elicited by either nervous or endocrine system however, in some cases it is a combination of both (Farabee, 2006). The process through which a constant internal environment (homeostasis) is maintained is known as homeostatic mechanism. Homeostatic control in the body is achieved through feed-back system which may be negative feed-back loop or positive feed-back loops. Negative feed-back loops (employed by most of the body’s systems) turns off the response to a particular stimulus thereby maintaining m ost of homeostatic activities while positive feed-back loop intensifies the effect of the particular response (Farabee, 2006). Positive feed-back intensifies the effects of change and therefore does not play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis. Stimulus? Sensor?Integrator? Effector Negative feed-back loop Systems involved in homeostasis: In a healthy body homeostatic maintenance is done by collaborative efforts of central systems of the body such as nervous, endocrine, circulatory, digestive and lymphatic. The balancing responses of these systems to a stimulus tend to maintain a proper homeostasis in body (Lawton, 2003). Major homeostatic controllers of the body are nervous and endocrine systems which constitute extrinsic control system. However, local or intrinsic control system usually involves an organ or a tissue e.g. dilation of blood vessels in reaction to higher levels of carbon dioxide and lower oxygen levels (Farabee, 2006).  

Answer 4 questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer 4 questions - Assignment Example anies keeping records of supplies requisitions by employees needed for use in their jobs such as stationary, new toners for printers, and a coffee machine perhaps. There are a number of approaches in which marketing research can be classified. Among those classes there are three most significant approaches each of which differ from each other in terms of purpose, questions and exactitude of the proposition. 1. Exploratory Research: Exploratory research is usually conducted for a problem that is yet to be defined. This type of research provides an insight into the problem in general and helps determine effective research design and data collection method to identify the problem. for instance establishing the relationship between advertising and sales in the beer industry. 2. Descriptive Research: Descriptive research is conducted to acquire statistical data and characteristics of the subject of research in a descriptive form such as discovering the ways that people who live in apartments actually use vacuum cleaners, and identifying cleaning tasks for which they do not use a vacuum cleaner or Identifying target market demographics for a shopping center located in the borough of Queens. 3. Casual Research: Casual research explores the effect of one variable onto the other. For instance Testing the effect of the inside temperature of a clothing store on sales of coats. In this type of research both primary and secondary data is used. Primary data s collected to address a specific research objective. While Secondary data is already present but was not collected for solution of the problem at present such as estimating the 5-year sales potential for Cat-Scan machines in the borough of Queens. It may be of some help to the problem at hand but was not intended for it in the first place. â€Å"Comment on: A radio station broadcasts the following message during a syndicated rating service’s rating period: â€Å"Please fill out your diary† (which lists what media the

How to Sustain Customer Loyalty towards Brands Essay

How to Sustain Customer Loyalty towards Brands - Essay Example The researcher states that brand loyalty is the final objective a company sets for a branded merchandise. The importance of brand loyalty cannot be underestimated due to the fact that as brand loyalty increases, the vulnerability to the competitive actions is reduced which is very important in the cut-throat competitive era of today. The customer’s adherence to a particular brand increases the market value of the brand and helps the organization to have a competitive edge over the rivals. The brand loyalty also provides confidence among the organizations to launch a new product and to get involved in new ventures as they feel that the loyal customers will definitely go for the new products. This also helps the organization with the process of the expansion. Brand loyalty is basically a consumer’s preference and priority to opt for a particular brand in a product category. The reason behind this preference can be the perception of provision of the right product features and high level of quality at the right price. Additionally the brand loyalty can also have its basis in the emotional attachment of the user with the brand. The preference can be built upon an association with the brand symbol. Aaker defined Brand loyalty as â€Å"the attachment that a customer has to a brand†. It can also be seen as consumer’s preference to purchase a particular brand in a product class and this could be as a result of the consumer awareness about that particular brand. The strong name of a firm, the good image of the product and corporate reputation are the factors which builds loyalty/commitment, which helps the consumer to value a product of a particular company and put it above the others (Souiden et al. 2006). â€Å"A deeply held commitment to re-buy or re-patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts havin g potential to cause switching behavior† (Oliver,1997 referred in Ozer, et. al. 2005, p.90). The brand loyalty of existing customer represent a strategic asset to the organization, that, if properly managed and exploited, has the potential to provide value in several ways. It works to reduce the marketing costs of doing business. It is simple and much less costly to keep hold of customers than to get new ones. Brand loyalty even generates trade leverage. At the extreme, brand loyalty may dominate store choice decisions. Additionally various studies

Infidelity In Marriages | Analysis

Infidelity In Marriages | Analysis Introduction Infidelity is perhaps the most complex issue faced by spouses in the marital relationship. Usually, when the discovery of an affair is done, it can be very annoying for the person on the receiving end of the case. Obviously the blame on oneself is the primary response after the information and facts are understood and then the person must be willing to understand that he / she has failed to respect the other person to take this step. This results in a lot of pain, confusion and emotional problems for people that are involved in such a relation. This can affect the person and make him very depressed and even become suicidal. A person may lose confidence in future relationships and also the ability of having faith in people because of the enormous injustice caused by infidelity. Maybe this can lead to a process of divorce and custody battles cruel and endless tension. Barta and Drigotas (2001) defined infidelity as a partners violations of norms regulating the level of emotional and physical relationship with people out side the relationship. Moreover, it is a breach of trust or an act of disloyalty in a committed relationship. In this modern era where a lot of facilities are available in the shape of mobile telephone and Internet chatting, it is greatly accessible and easier to make any kind of relationship and stay in regular contact with them. Hence, it may result in shortage of time for one to spend with his or her spouse and greater contact with outsiders. In short, it can occur abruptly and unexpectedly by intention, incidence or chance or can extend over a long period of time. They can proceed for a very short time or a life span. This is one of the key reasons for enhance in extra marital affairs and its following adverse impact on the rate of divorce and suicide. Types of Infidelity Buss and Shackelford (1997) report that there are two types of infidelity exist: sexual infidelity, emotional infidelity or both. Sexual infidelity is consisting of sexual contact such as kissing, touching, oral sex, or physical contact. on the other hand, emotional infidelity includes the creation of emotional affection or warmth for another individual, and can involve the actions as flirting, dating, lovely talk, feeling interest towards some one else, or falling in love. Pittman (1989) marriage includes the hope of primariness and assurance of both partners to remain loyal with each other and keeping each other the most significant person for life time. Generally couples agree that primaries will contain the probability in which partners guarantee to have physical contact only with each other. Despite of this marital infidelity is very common across world even though, society is not permitted or accepted it. Knowingly or unknowingly, Most of marriages are now victim of this serious issue almost couples are experiencing it either being of a betrayed receiver or being of disloyal one. Even many famous persons have done marital infidelities, presidents, such as John F. Kennedy, Bill Clinton and other public figures, such as Prince Charles, Marion Barry, and Princess Diana was strongly rumored to have had an extra marital affair. Actors and actresses have long presented continual material to the tabloids on affairs and infidelity. Gender Difference and Infidelity Gender based studies divided into two parts. The first group of researches focused on sex differences in reaction to a partners infidelity. Shackelford and Buss (2002) sex differences in reaction to a partners emotional and sexual infidelity are well documented and hypothesized adaptive problems (Buss et al., 1992) Due to adaptive problem of parental uncertainly, men are more upset than women by a partners sexual infidelity. Also, adaptive concern with parental investment and resources diversion makes women feel more upset than men by a partner emotional infidelity (Shackelford et al., 2000). Another part of literature about sex differences and infidelity refers to different rates of men and women involvement in infidelity. Some researchers strongly assert that men are more engage in infidelity than women (Allen Baucom, 2004). They have significantly more sexual partners outside of their primary relationship (Blumstein Schwartz, 1983) and they have more permissive attitudes toward sex outside of marriage (Thompson, 1984) and also have a strong desire to engage in infidelity (Prins, 1993) . At the same time, other studies suggest that men and womens rate of infidelity are becoming increasingly similar (Oliver Hyde, 1993) and they are not differing in terms of behavior (Prins et al., 1993). Betzig (1989) infidelity is a core base cited when pleading for divorce and those who are disloyal likely to be vigilant discussing such activity. It is neither only a male behavior while the ratio of infidelity among female is going to equal the proportion of males. Not surprisingly a third of all marriages now a days dealing with this issue. However, no doubt it is anticipated responsible of dissolution of a marriage bond cruelly. Most notably, females role have been change now they are not simply responsible for maintaining home work while working outside of home. Both male and female have almost equal opportunities due to rapid change in living structure of modern aged societies and late night travels, work related activities, and meetings these all responsible to some extent for significant increasing rate of divorce as regardless of gender no one is remain dependent on their partner for life accessories. Causes of Infidelity Thompson (1983) infidelity can exist in marital, or in any committed relationships. Therefore it considered an illegal or wrong act. The clarifications people often make regarding their illegal sexual terms are several and varied. Whatever the reason of an act of infidelity but it is certainly varies between and within cultures. Presence of sexual behavior is not must or always the case of infidelity. Ideas and perceptions of infidelity are might be different among people of same culture or between the people who have close relationship with each other. Sptizberg and Cupach (1998) infidelity provides a means of exploring the darker and more problematic side of human experience with out having to examine actual criminal offending. Affairs come in diverse forms. All affairs are not surely same: they supply unusual purposes, are done by several types of persons, fueled by a range of motivations and having dissimilar effects. One of the most obvious weaknesses in infidelity research is the shortage of discrimination between types of affairs. This has often lead to erroneous, confusing and unsupportive generalizations or stat averages about the nature, implications and what constitutes effective intervention with affairs. Considerate the individual, biographical, domestic, marital and cultural-anthropological reason of affairs is vital to planning successful intervention. Guerin et al. (1996) in a study reported that Spouse often involves in infidelity in order to protect themselves from taking responsibilities or adopting new roles. They want to escape from discomfort and pain which comes from boring and difficult marital life. With out disturbing marital life or other spouse an infidel person have has relation with person other than committed relationship. This betrayal provides him/her temporarily calmness. Psychologist Allen (2001) in a study based on Bowlby attachment theory reports that comparatively to secure attachment a person with dismissive attachment style is probable to have one infidelity atleast to his/her spouse because he/she wants self affirmation. Chen (2001) noted in his research findings that it is considered as a symbol of respect and privilege for a wealthy and influential personality to have has relations with the person of other than his/her spouse. Many times, these relations are secret in nature and based on long term and seldom have these affairs disturbed their primary marital life and relations. Prevalence of Infidelity Ninety-nine percent of married persons surveyed expect their spouse to be faithful after they are married, and 99% assume their partner expects sexual exclusivity of them (Treas Giesen, 2000). Despite these expectations, the actual occurrence of marital infidelity is much higher. According to a survey of over 1000 Americans, done by the National Opinion Research Center in 1991, eleven percent of the female respondents and 21% of the males surveyed admitted to engaging in extramarital sex (Greeley, 1994). Thus, marital infidelity is a perplexing phenomenon and research indicates that this is also true for other types of infidelity, such as infidelity occurring in dating relationships. Blow and Harnett (2005) report that rates of infidelity are vary across universe due to types of infidelity. Although, the prevalence of sexual infidelity is higher than emotional one and most of the infidelity researches have focused on sexual infidelity rather than emotional infidelity and almost result are drawn by non random sample. Further more the issue of infidelity is very sensitive and personal so, individual may show some kind of reluctance to disclose it or admit it openly. In Pakistan the rate of infidelity reported by private TV channel in a program among male is 45% and among female is 32% but these rates are not specifically for marital infidelity however, these rates are may be overestimated or underestimated at some point because there is no researches or official data is available in Pakistan. Allen et al. (2005) found that 25% committed relationships are experiencing infidelity. 22% to 25% male and 11% to 15% females are unfaithful to their partners. Other less conservative reviews reported that 25 to 50% male and approximately 10% to 25% females are engaged in infidelity during the course of their marriages. An estimated figure shows the adverse effects of infidelity that almost 50% married couple across the universe are experiencing in their marriages. Moreover, these responses of infidelity can also be varied depend on individual difference or level of affection and these response can be also extremist in nature or less extremist and threatening. Glass and Staeheli (2003) almost every marriage is suffering with the issue of infidelity regardless of love, arrange and forced marriage and status of marriage such as happy or unhappy marriage.mid life crises and other factors are responsible for trigger anyone towards infidelity (Cole, 1999). Consequences of Infidelity Brown (1999) found that discovery of spousal infidelity is always being distressing for both concerned spouses. Usually, sudden encounter of infidelity make them unable to behave normally. The disloyal person feel gloomy, desperate and victim of many doubts regarding his/her future marital life either it may remain joyous as it was before, he/she really feel the pain of that third person with whom he/she had extramarital affairs. Sexual life affected of a disloyal spouse in his/her marriage but despite of confession being wrong they tried ever to minimize their guilt by blaming others for the responsibilities of their infidelities (Chen, 2001). Bergcross (1997) in a study concluded that many probable risk factors including suicidal thoughts, homicidal, health issues, are the result of infidelity. Many others responses are noted such as violence, divorce, dissatisfaction, flirting behavior, revenge, angry, jealous, shame and so on. Some studies showed that only a small percentage of couples who experience infidelity can save their marriage after an affair (Hansen, 1987) and all marriage with infidelity do not end with divorce (Charny Parnass, 1995). Studies about consequences of infidelity showed negative outcomes like: rage, lost of trust, decreased personal and sexual confidence, suicidal behavior, depression, damaged self esteem, fear of abandonment and surge of justification to leave the spouse (Charny Parnass, 1995). Spanier and Margolis (1983) concluded that partners who divorce because of their spouses infidelity experienced less depression than those who end their marriage for other reasons. The unfaithful spouse has initiated the divorce but the faithful spouse is more likely to develop depression. When a person discovers a partners infidelity, he should decide about forgiving the partner and remain together or end the relationship. Shackelford et al. (2000) found that men and women who face different adaptive problems over evolutionary history related to various types of infidelity have different reaction to partners infidelity. It is more difficult for men to forgive a sexual infidelity than an emotional infidelity and they are more likely to end a current relationship following a partners sexual infidelity (Shackelford et al, 2002). Evolutionary theory Evolutionary theory (Nannini Myers, 2000) supported the view that gender difference present in response to partners infidelity (Sheets Wolfe, 2001) and provides one explanation for gender differences in reactions to infidelity. According to this theory, a man is jealous about his female partners sexual infidelity, because if his partner has intercourse with another man, there is no guarantee that offspring he raises with her are his genetic children. The uncertainty of paternity gives rise to excellent reasons for a man to be intolerant of adulterous sex in his partner. A male in this position may contribute resources to this offspring, as well as squander opportunities to reproduce elsewhere (Buss, et al., 1992). Using this same model, a woman is concerned about her partner becoming emotionally attached, lest he abandon her for the new partner, leaving her to rear their offspring without resources or assistance from the father. If her partner is investing more assets into another womans offspring, whether in a monogamous or polygynous relationship, it is to the detriment of her children. This theory is consistent with results wherein women overwhelmingly selected emotional infidelity as more distressing, and more men selected physical infidelity (Harris Christenfeld, 1996; Whitty Quigley, 2008). Additionally, physiological studies support this perspective, finding that men demonstrate greater autonomic arousal response to sexual infidelity and women have a greater response to emotional infidelity (Buss et al., 1992). Buss (1995) and other evolutionary psychologists argue that men and women differ in their responses to infidelity in ways that has resulted from different adaptations to different reproductive problems. The evolutionary perspective does not dispute that both forms of infidelity, emotional and sexual, are disturbing to both sexes. Instead, evolutionary perspective argues that men and women put different emotional weighting on the different aspects of infidelity (Buss et al., 1999). The theory is consistent with a good deal of research data. However, there are some noteworthy shortcomings inherent in this perspective. Firstly, the core premise of the standard evolutionary model is that sex differences in mating behavior exist as a consequence of the differential costs for each sex to reproduce their genes (Buss Schmitt, 1993). Infidelity can be efficiently explained this way by advocates of this theory in the light of higher rates of male infidelity historically (Allen et al., 2005). The theory acknowledges that members of both sexes pursue extra-pair/short term strategies; however, recent research findings show that rates of female infidelity are rapidly closing the gap (Allen et al., 2005) and the theory at present does not appear to adequately address this. In two studies (Harris, 2002; 2003) of responses to actual infidelity, men and women showed no difference in the degree to which they were distressed by emotional vs. sexual infidelity. Furthermore, both males and females reported focusing slightly more on emotional than sexual aspects of their partners infidelity. Roscoe et al. (1988) significant differences have not been found in several studies of actual, as opposed to potential, extradyadic behavior (Feldman Cauffman, 1999; Seal et al., 1994). Further, studies including aspects of infidelity apart from sexual behaviors are another example where significant differences between the sexes have not generally been found. Wiederman (1997) for example, found that there were no differences in the type of infidelity entered into or in the incidence of infidelity for men and women under the age of 40. Clear gender differences in the incidence of infidelity are difficult to determine in the light of such inconsistent research. Divorce Buss and Shackelford (1997) infidelity leads to divorce and is most likely the single most harmful thing that can occur to a marriage. Divorce refers to the often messy and painful dissolution of a marriage. Either for good or for bad, divorce is a very ordinary incident in recent days. Most everyone has been experienced it, either by going through it themselves as a spouse or a child, or knowing someone who has gone through it as a spouse or as a child. Regardless of recognized understanding with the sound effects of divorce. Waite (1995) good psychological and physiological health of both spouses can be achieved by stable and satisfied marriage; it also contributes to marital wealth and children wellbeing. But the fact is these all advantage only possible when marriage protective from high conflicts. Severe mental and emotional health problems can be protected by a sound marriage. a part of knowing this well known realities some marriages still suffer from problems and endless issues and spouse their selves are responsible for that issues which causes marriage beak downs. Surely, an unstable marriage is responsible for adverse outcomes for all family members and even upon other concerned relation. Rate of Divorce Vaus et al. (1997) most young adults when surveyed about relationships indicate that they want to marry and have a committed, trusting, respectful relationship for themselves and for any children they may have Any attempt to explain the reasons couples separate and divorce must take into account both the nature of marriage as an institution within a given social and cultural context, and its particular meaning for the individuals involved. Its remarking that the dramatic increase in the lifetime divorce probability from 10 percent to more than 50 percent in the United States and to 25 percent in Pakistan since the 1960s cannot be explained only at the personal or micro level. Dagatan (2012) investigated there is a significant raise in the rate of divorce universally on the account of everyday. Day by day Marriage is losing its worth especially in some specific societies. Many reasons are attached to failure of stable marriages such as infidelity, violence, financial crises and so on. Russia is standing on top for highest divorce rates with 5.30% while panama with 3.80% is on 4th ranking of highest divorce rate due to infidelity. Similarly, there is surprising increase in the rate of divorce in Pakistan from few decades. Currently 10 to 15 divorce cases are being filed by females per day in Pakistan. However, divorce rates are varying in different status its higher among upper class while middle class takes divorce as a stigma and comparatively to other classes its prevalence is low in lower class. Effect of Globalization on Divorce Mansfield et al. (1999) the degree to which family law reform may influence rates of divorce is debatable. In many perspectives, especially for women marriage is not only remaining the source of financial security, social status in the community, sexual activity and social companionship. Globalization has affected the thought and living structure and values across culturally. Now almost every sphere of the world people have different and more liberal attitude regarding divorce while its not consider stigma as it was. Now men and women both talk about it openly. Across the entire main reasons for divorce, women more than men tended to initiate the separation and be more likely to have sought counseling advice prior to separation. The perceived reason for divorce did not appear to influence whether men or women made preparations for living without their partner. Gender, Attitude and Divorce Differences between men and women emerged mainly in relation to specific spousal behaviors. Women were significantly more likely than men to mention abusive behaviors their spouses drinking and drug use and being the victim of physical and emotional violence as the main reason for divorce. Although ending a marriage can never be easy and may be traumatic or have detrimental consequences for either or both partners and any children involved the majority of women and men, whatever the perceived reason for divorce, claimed that in retrospect they still would have separated and felt they never wanted to get back with their former spouse. Again, women who mentioned abusive behaviors as a reason for divorce were most emphatic in their agreement with this statement (Waite et al, 1995). Impact of Divorce Bowlby (1969) a broken Marriage always left highly significant consequences. As one grow older, build new relationships with numerous important figures throughout ones lives. It is natural to form affection with the people who care for them most, in regards to their physiological and emotional needs. However, marital relationship is considering the most respective way to form relationship with people of opposite sex. In marriages there are some obligations which should be followed by both spouse and its obligatory on them to respect each other values and expectation but if any spouse doesnt care these values then marital dissatisfaction can come in existence and divorce or marital conflict occur in result which impact badly on physical, emotional and psychological health. Walsh (2008) reported that marriage is source of getting respect, status, and recognition in a society. Psychological satisfaction can be got through marriage by which individual get kids, companion for life and completeness of home structure. As it is truly said man is a social animal therefore, man cannot survive in isolation for goodness of life one need to be remain with others. Marriage is regarded as a best source of getting all these things it provides peace and emotional support on individual level. Both concerned partner sooth each other by providing their support in all situation of life. But at the same time its a very weak as well as strong one. Divorce shelters all of these and affected must feel hopelessness and experience high emotional torture that sometime intend a person suicidal. Suicidal Ideation Suicidal ideation, attempts and completed suicides are all referred to suicidal behavior. Weather suicidal ideation refers to any thought, intention which is readily made to harm one self or its any self inflicting behavior in which one is thinking to take his/her life. It happens most often in reaction to a crisis such as the loss of a relationship, death, inevitable life situation where ones feel extremist level of hopelessness, worthlessness and infidelity in highly affiliated relationship. Usually, people experience a variety of feelings during the time of crises, and each persons shows different response towards crises even in same crises. It is common to feel scared or worried or depressed. If a person feels overwhelmed or unable to cope, he or she may try to commit suicide. Thus far researchers have been unable to predict potential suicidal consistency so effectively (Goldstein, 1999). Causes of Suicide Suicide is defined as the act of intentionally taking ones own life. It happens most often in reaction to a crisis such as the loss of a relationship, death, inevitable life situation where ones feel extremist level of hopelessness, worthlessness and infidelity in highly affiliated relationship. Usually, people experience a variety of feelings during the time of crises, and each persons shows different response towards crises even in same crises. It is common to feel scared or worried or depressed. If a person feels overwhelmed or unable to cope, he or she may try to commit suicide. Thus far researchers have been unable to predict potential suicidal consistency so effectively (Prokorny, 1983). Overall it is on 8th number cause of death through out the world, its a major, preventable public health problem. Psychological causes may be one factor of it like unable to cope depression, it may be due to lack of others supports, or burden of guilt, to examine the feelings and love of other people, relationship failure, shock on incident like infidelity or divorce. It may have also origins from cultural and social pressure often in case of isolation, although, the act of suicide is varied in distinctive cultures and ages. Foster (1999) various risk factors have been studied with suicide like divorce, financial issues, marital conflicts, life satisfaction, depression, unemployment, parental deprivation and many others. Researches claim that emotional instability, psychotic disorder, major depression, personality disorder, substance dependence, marital status and affairs are usually responsible as a major cause of suicide. Despite of these known causes many other reasons can be responsible for this act. Actually, suicidal ideation or suicide is usually an individual act. There may be individual causes present for such act. However, the more common causes associated with suicidal ideation are marital affairs among married and parental or other factors are related to unmarried persons. Suicide in Pakistan In past, official statistics for suicide in Pakistan was un-available. Nevertheless, there was some evidence suggested by NGOs, newspaper reports, police that the suicide ratio has slowly been raising in Pakistan from the last few years. The increasing inclination has been very theatrical with almost 3,000 cases of suicide being reported in 2001 nationally, Even this is considered to be an underestimation, as it is well known that in many developing countries suicide tends to be grossly under-reported. In the month of Ramadan of 2012 a private news channel surveyed that near about 300 people attempted suicide during Ramadan and this rate of suicide is very alarming and surprising. Particularly, many factors are associated with the phenomena of suicide which cannot be treated in isolation from the societal and emotional factors compelling a person to think about this act. Like other developing countries, Pakistan, too, faces the dilemma of increasing cases of suicide. Suicide is view different in every society depending on its culture and religion. For instance, Islam, Judaism, Christianity and some western cultures take it negative and sin. Its wrongly consider as a result of mental illness. Even in some societies it is considered a crime. But on the other hand, in certain situation its regarded as a symbol of honor like suicide bombers, in battle, etc. Larsson et al. (1998) reported that the probability of suicidal attempts in course of an individual life could be assessed by the history of suicide in ones family members or other social network like friends etc and also by considering the level of suicidal ideation. Suicide is considered as a major preventable public health issue and ranked on 8th leading cause of death world overall. It may have also origins from cultural and social pressure often in case of isolation, although, the act of suicide is varied in distinctive cultures and ages. Many decades back suicide was understood the issue of only western countries. Since 1960s somewhat suicide cases reported in under develop countries including Pakistan but in Pakistan no official statistic data record were available. Nevertheless, reported cases are considered under estimated. Khan et al. (2008) a study conducted in Karachi, reported that risk factors of suicide include, negative and desperate or stress full events, marital status (marriage), unemployment, and psychiatric disorder are considerable indicators of suicide. There was some other evidence suggested by NGOs, newspaper reports, police that the suicide ratio has slowly been raising in Pakistan from the last few years. The increasing inclination has been very theatrical with almost 3,000 cases of suicide being reported in 2001 nationally, Even this is considered to be an underestimation, as it is well known that in many developing countries suicide tends to be grossly under-reported. Bertolote and Fleischmann (2002) every year near about one million people die due to suicide universally. According to a report by WHO less number of suicide cases are reported by outside of western countries especially from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia. These less reported cases of Pakistan may be the result of unavailability of official record of suicide in earlier decades and secondly, it is an understudied subject in Pakistan. Many factors including religion, legal and social issues make it difficult to collect data regarding suicidal behaviors. However, in the month of Ramadan of 2012 a private news channel surveyed that near about 300 people attempted suicide during Ramadan and rate of suicide is very alarming and surprising. This proportion is very threatening especially an underdeveloped country with lesser reporting record of suicidal cases globally. Khan et al. (2000) numerous hurdles are present in open discussion of phenomenon of suicide in predominantly Muslim country Pakistan. However, suicide is view different in every society depending on its culture and religion. For instance, Islam, Judaism, Christianity and some western cultures take it negative and sin. Its wrongly consider as a result of mental illness. Even in some societies it is considered a crime. But on the other hand, in certain situation its regarded as a symbol of honor like suicide bombers, in battle, etc. Particularly, many factors are associated with the phenomena of suicide which cannot be treated in isolation from the societal and emotional factors compelling a person to think about this act. Like other developing countries, Pakistan, too, faces the dilemma of increasing cases of suicide. Hassan et al. (2009) two years based research an analysis of suicide findings shows more than 300 suicides were committed in different cities of Pakistan. It reported that mostly men who commit suicide were unmarried and men 2:1 0utnumber of females. While in case of women a quite opposite result of men has found. Majority of suicidal committers were under the age of 30 the most prominent reason for suicide was domestic problems such as health issues, poverty, social pressure, forced marriages, marital conflicts. On the other side the most common adopted method of suicide were firearms, insecticides and hanging. Anonymous (1989) a cross national research on 71 nation result showed that an independent effect of Islam in lowering the rate of suicide is considerable when others factors like economic imbalance and social injustice are controlled. However, study showed Muslim countries as compare to non Muslim countries have considerable less suicidal ratio. Nevertheless, suicides occur on regular basis in Muslim countries also because some remarkable evidence has met by many Muslim countries like Bangladesh, Iran, and Turkey. Mahmood (1989) study evidence showed the underestimated death by suicide perhaps due to legal procedure by which one is subject of convicted and financial penalty. Analyzing the report of 17 Islamic countries reports experts say that this is due to cultural and religious impact that in many Islamic countries suicide is culturall